Managing Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Overseeing Conflict - Essay Example On the off chance that these three issues are tended to the division will have an expanded yield on execution. These three focuses advocate for both great working connections and execution. The terrible working relationship in the office is the reason for the not adequate execution. I would address the issues in the gathering since directors in the association would be searching for a superior working connections and an improvement in execution. The issue on execution will be centered around having out and out the best execution from every representative. This will help move their concentration from difference to working. The right to speak freely of discourse will be routed to all representatives who have the inclination that they have been isolated from dynamic and suppositions in the office (Priscoli and Wolf, 2009). This expands the working proficiency and relationship since all representatives paying little mind to race will feel that they are considered as significant in the association. A decent working relationship will be an advancement of amicable working between the representatives. To influence the three focuses, harsh admonitions and discipline ought to be actualized. End of working agreements and departmental exchanges are instances of discipline (Mullins, 2005). Representatives will react decidedly to the improvement prerequisites since their workplace and generally speaking execution will be improved fundamentally (Levine, 2005). The board of contentions is the most ideal approach to advance execution and profitability of an association. Every single departmental head and chiefs require compromise abilities to lead an association to anticipated

Evolution of Death Penalty in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Development of Death Penalty in America - Essay Example This paper shows that in American capital punishment history, the main execution was recorded in 1608, and the casualty was Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown settlement of Virginia. As indicated by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 3,859 people were executed under common ward in the United States from 1930 to 1967. During this period, about 54% dark and 45% white were executed while the staying one percent was individuals from other racial gatherings including American Indians, Chinese, and Japanese. In this period, the quantity of executions in the province of Georgia spoke to in excess of nine percent of the national aggregate. As Melissa calls attention to, the quantity of executions in different US urban areas including Texas, California, and New York were 297, 292, and 329 separately somewhere in the range of 1930 and 1967. What's more, the US Army executed 160 people during a similar period. During the 1960s, the basic legitimateness of capital punishment was generally ad dressed all through the United States. Much legitimate staff recommended that the death penalty was â€Å"cruel and unusual† and subsequently it was illegal under the Eighth Amendment.  In the late 1960s, the Supreme Court rebuilt the manner in which the death penalty was regulated. In 1971, the Court held that managing capital condemning caution was â€Å"beyond present human ability†; and later on the legitimateness of capital punishment was again talked about under the watchful eye of the Supreme Court in 1972 in milestone case Furman v. Georgia. (408 U.S. 238) (DPIC). The Court expressed that since the jury had the intensity of complete condemning tact, it may bring about subjective condemning. On 29th June 1972, the Court held that current capital punishment sculptures were not, at this point substantial and along these lines, the Court voided 40 capital punishment rules, and suspended capital punishment practice in the US. The general holding in Furman mirrored that specific capital condemning sculptures were just illegal and it affected the Court to reconsider about the lawful legitimacy of capital punishment. Accordingly, the Court permitted states to revise their capital punishment rules to abrogate the issues refered to in Furman. Albeit some details disposed of all unguided jury watchfulness by ordering capital punishment for those indicted capital violations, the Supreme Court held that this training was illegal. Some different states gave condemning rules to the adjudicator, and this training permitted the â€Å"introduction of disturbing and moving elements in deciding sentencing† (DPIC). The Supreme Court affirmed these guided carefulness sculptures in 1976. The ten-year ban on capital punishment was finished on seventeenth January 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore. At long last, the territory of New York likewise ordered capital punishment law in 1995.In reaction to the expanding protests against the death penalty, the US Supreme Court has encircled some severe guidelines on capital punishment. As Johnson (2001) calls attention to, one of the ongoing advancements in the territory of Texas is that it passed a bill of prohibiting the execution of intellectually impeded people. The ongoing capital punishment cases add to the most punctual Supreme Court cases tending to the death penalty. While examining US capital punishment information, it is obvious that the most elevated number of executions was happened between the period 1999 and 2005. Be that as it may, the ongoing information show that the quantity of executions have fundamentally declined during the most recent five years. In 2009, just 37 people were executed and this figure speaks to minimal number for the most recent decade (DPIC 2). The present Court rehearses show that it once in a while sentences capital punishment. The ongoing cases including Penry v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Crimi nal Justice, Institutional Division, Atkins v. Virginia, and Roper, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center v. Simmons are a portion of the

Full-Text Psychology Journals - Free Index

Full-Text Psychology Journals - Free Index Student Resources Print Full-Text Psychology Journals - Free Index Psychology Research and Articles By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 08, 2020 Wilfred Y Wong / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers If you are a psychology student or taking any sort of social science class, then you will need to be able to read and understand the articles found in research journals. Such articles describe different psychology studies on a wide range of subjects. As you are writing papers or conducting your own research, these journals can provide helpful sources and background information. Finding full-text psychology journals online can be difficult, especially for students with limited access to academic libraries or online databases. There are a number of psychology, social science, and medical journals that offer  free full-text articles, which may be especially useful for students living in rural areas or studying via distance education. The below journals offer access to a selection of full-text articles online. These journals represent just a few of the resources that are available online. If you are still looking for additional research, pay a visit to your university library to access their database of journal articles. In many cases, your schools library may have access to a number of different research databases where you can find full-text journal articles for your research. Full-Text Psychology Journals Addictive BehaviorsAddictive Behaviors?? offers a sample issue of the journal online. The sample issue contains full-text articles in both HTML and PDF format. A great resource for students researching addictions. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol AbuseFind full-text articles on the study and treatment of drug abuse and alcoholism?? . The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse focuses on a wide range of topics including clinical, pharmacological, administrative, and social aspects of substance abuse. Archives of Internal MedicineOffers free full-text articles to registered users 12 months after publication. Published by the American Medical Association, the journal covers a wide range of topics related to internal medicine. Free registration is required to access the articles. Biology of ReproductionFind full-text articles as well as article abstracts dating back to 1969 from the Biology of Reproduction journal. Brain: A Journal of NeurologyFind free full-text articles on neurology as well as free editorials. A useful resource for students of neuroscience and biopsychology. British Journal of PsychiatryFind articles covering all topics in psychology from the British Journal of Psychiatry. The journal is focused on clinical aspects of mental health and includes issues of interest to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and students of psychology. Full-text articles are available from January 2000 and articles become available one year after publication. CogPrintsCogPrints features journal articles on a number of topic areas, including many in psychology. Find articles on behavioral analysis, clinical psychology, psychobiology, social psychology,?? and more. Current Psychology LettersThis electronic journal offers short papers on current topics in psychology. Available papers date from 2000 to 2006. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational PsychologyThis journal is a great resource for current research in educational psychology. Find full-text journal articles in both English and Spanish. Evolutionary PsychologyFind full-text articles and reviews on the history, research, and theoretical work in evolutionary psychology.?? Journal of Abnormal Child PsychologyRead full-text articles focused on child  psychotherapy, prevention, assessment, and treatment. Research of interest includes childhood disorders including developmental disorders, depression,?? and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal PsychologyRead selected articles on topics in  abnormal psychology  from this journal published by the  American Psychological Association. Journal of Applied Behavior AnalysisRead current and past research on applied behavior analysis in back issues of this journal. Journal of Experimental PsychologyThis journal, published by the American Psychological Association, offers a selection of full-text journal articles on topics in experimental psychology. Journal of General PsychologyOffers full-text articles on a variety of topics in psychology. A great reference for psychology students. Journal of Instructional PsychologyThe Journal of Instructional Psychology provides articles and essays on education, the psychology of learning, and instruction. Journal of NeuroscienceThe Journal of Neuroscience offers full-text journal articles in their archive starting in 1996. Full-text access is available for articles 1.5 years after publication. Learning and MemoryThis journal focuses on the neurobiology of learning and memory offers access to articles one year after publication. PsychartPsychart is an online journal focused on the psychological study of the arts. Articles are primarily focused on  psychoanalytic theory, literature, and film.

America Places A Heavy Emphasis On The Crime Of Stealing

America places a heavy emphasis on the crime of stealing. Starting at a young age individuals are taught that taking things that don’t belong to you is wrong. Once these children enter academic institutions, they learn that stealing does not just mean taking material objects, such as your friends Go-Gurt, or candy from the corner store, it also applies to idea and thoughts. In other words, intellectual property. Crimes involving intellectual property include, plagiarism, cheating on an exam, and submitting work that is not your own. Academic institutions have waged war on academic dishonesty through several methods, but the main combative tool they use is an honor code. These honor codes act as contracts that students agree to, acknowledging that they will be academically honest, not receive unauthorized aid, and so forth. These honor codes vary from institution to institution. The Honor Code in use at Hofstra University is a prime example of a classic honor code. However, to demonstrate the differences between honor codes we will also analyze the honor codes in effect at The State University of New York (SUNY) and University of Colorado Boulder (UC Boulder). The Hofstra University Honor Code appears to be short, but upon reading, covers most of the issues involved with academic integrity. As a member of the Hofstra community, I pledge to demonstrate integrity and ethical behavior in all aspects of my life, both inside and out of the classroom. I understand that I amShow MoreRelatedHow Batman Has Changed over the Past 70 Years3037 Words   |  12 Pagesand disturbing back-stories behind his crime-fighting career. He sees his parents murdered by a small time crook. The traumatized Bruce Wayne inherits his families’ fortune. Bruce travelled the world training his body and mind to peak perfection, becoming a master of martial arts and an expert at crime investigation. 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Panama is a country that occupies the isthmus dividing North and South America. With its passage way saving sea-farers 5,000 miles of additional sailing around the tip of Tierra del Fuego, it is no wonder that Panama had been so highly sought out, and so strictly guarded. In 1903 President Theodore RooseveltRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 PagesIntroduction What can a sociologist tell us about deviance, and drug use that we do not already know? If there is anything distinctive about the sociologist view, it is their emphasis on social context. One of the central ideas of all human experience is meaning. Meaning is something imposed and socially made-up, and has two features: it is both external and internal. Meaning is assigned externally to objects and behavior by social cooperation. 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The concluding discussion of the difficulties encountered by police in undertaking problem-oriented projects focuses on the vital role of crime analysis and considers ways to strengthen analytic capacity in police departments. Acknowledgments 3 Acknowledgments This project was completed under an Advancing Community Policing grant (#97-0C-WX-0060) made to the Charlotte-Mecklenburg

Intellihuman Is A Fusion Technology Solution - 1405 Words

Introduction Intellihuman is an innovative and fascinating new solution which emphasizes on providing real time patient data, locality and monitoring range of vital statistics and subsequently relaying this information with a health care facility such as a hospital or clinic. In sense, intellihuman is the perfect collaboration of medical technology and Information Technology, providing the users with the best of both worlds. Intellihuman should be considers a giant leap involving these two fields as it is integral in the development of patient care over time utilizing every possible smart devices at our disposal. Intellihuman is a fusion technology solution between hardware/software which gives older medical equipment access to new software and its corresponding hardware upgrade and provides smart organization of patient records and services provided to them ultimately improving the whole experience. Its use in the medical field is virtually limitless. The board at intellihuman consists of veterans of both IT and medical fields guiding the main strategy of the company with ample experience in both areas. The goal is to grow with the established bio-medical businesses and keep up to date with the growing difficulty in providing cost effective care while maintaining or even increasing the overall efficiency. The other factor considered vigorously is protection and discretion of information that is retained on patients. The idea behind intellihuman is not automating the whole

Jp MorganCo./ Chase Manhattan Bank Merger Free Essays

JP MorganCo. / Chase Manhattan Bank Merger 1. Introduction The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock. We will write a custom essay sample on Jp MorganCo./ Chase Manhattan Bank Merger or any similar topic only for you Order Now (referenca 1) Mergers are a common practice in the business world because they enable increased efficiency and market share. 2. History 2. 1. JP MorganCo. J. P. Morgan Co. , was founded in New York in 1871 as Drexel, Morgan Co. by J. Pierpont Morgan and Philadelphia banker Anthony Drexel. The firm made its first big splash in 1879 when it sold financier William Vanderbilt’s New York Central Railroad stock without driving down the share price. (referenca 4) During the late 19th century and early 20th century J. P. Morgan Co. financed a lot of engineering and innovative projects. Some examples funded by it are the Brooklyn Bridge and the Panama Canal construction. Besides these projects it was also present at the birth of aviation, providing banking services to the pioneering Wright brothers from the early years through their invention of the world’s first successful airplane. referenca 4)During the years of World War I r, J. P. Morgan Co. aided the British and French, arranging a $500 million loan r, J. P. Morgan Co. aided the British and French, arranging a $500 million loan. In 1959 Morgan merged with Guaranty Trust Co. (commercial and investment banking) to create Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, later forming a holding company that restored t he famous J. P. Morgan Co. name. (referenca 4) 2. 2. Chase Manhattan Bank Chase Manhattan Bank was formed in the year 1955 with the merger of Chase National Bank and the Bank of the Manhattan Company. referenca 2) In the 1970s, Chase added nearly 40 new branches, representative offices, affiliates, subsidiaries and joint ventures outside the United States. In 1973 Chase opened a representative office in Moscow, which was the first presence for a U. S. bank in the Soviet Union since the 1920s. It also became the first U. S. correspondent to the Bank of China since Chinese Revolution . (referenca 4) During the 1970s and 1980s the Chase Manhattan Bank was led by David Rockefeller, and it emerged as one of the largest and most prestigious banking concerns. It had leadership positions in syndicated lending, treasury and securities services, credit cards, mortgages, and retail financial services. (referenca3) The Chase Money Card was the first Visa debit card offered by a bank in New York. In 1985 Spectrum was launched, which is an electronic home banking service that not only permitted banking transactions but also allowed customers to buy and sell stocks through a discount broker affiliated with Chase. (referenca 4) Chase Manhattan Bank is the product of two megadeals that came earlier, its mergers with Manufacturers Hanover and Chemical. In 1991, Manufacturers Hanover Corp. erged with Chemical Banking Corp. , under the name of Chemical Banking Corp. , then the second-largest banking institution in the United States. (referenca5) Then in 1996 Thomas G. Labrecque merged the Chase Manhattan Bank with the Chemical Banking Corp. (referenca2) This merger created the largest bank holding company in the United States at that time, and it was prior to the merger with JP MorganCo. 3. JPMorgan Chase Co. On December 31 of year 2000 the two banks J. P. Morgan Co. and Chase Manhattan Bank united to create the name of J. P. Morgan Chase Co. keeping two of the most established names in U. S. banking. This merger created a financial services powerhouse and became a strong rival of firms such are Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. (refernca 6) Before the merger the CEO of the Chase Manhattan Bank was William Harrison, and of the J. P. Morgan Co. was Douglas Warner. After the creation of the combined company, J. P. Morgan Chase Co. the Chief Executive and president was assigned William Harrison while Douglas Warner was retained as a chairman. (referenca 7) The merger was approved by the Federal Reserve Board on December 11 and by the New York Banking Board on December 14, 2000. referenca 8)   Ã‚  In 1999, the two banks combined had net income of approximately $7. 5 billion and revenue of approximately $31 billion. With the settlement of the deal, valued $36 billion, it acquired $660 billion of assets. (referenca 6) Under the deal J. P. Morgan stockholders received 3. 7 shares of Chase. The newly created company is a financial holding company , a global financial services firm and a banking institution in the United States of America. It operates worldwide, in more than 60 countries to provide corporate banking solutions to clients. referenca 3) It is engaged in different kinds of activities such are in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity. (referenca 9) After the merger of the year 2000 came more mergers and acquisitions of the Company with other institutions that would shape it to its final form. Below are listed some of the most important ones: * In 2004, Bank One Corp. merged with J. P. Morgan Chase Co. , keeping the name JPMorgan Chase Co. by uniting the investment and commercial banking skills of J. P. Morgan Chase with the consumer banking strengths of Bank One. (referenca 5) * In 2008, J. P. Morgan Chase Co. acquired The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. , strengthening its capabilities across a broad range of businesses, including prime brokerage, cash clearing and energy trading globally. (referenca 4) * In 2008,   J. P. Morgan Chase Co. paid $1. 9 billion to the F. D. I. C. to acquire all of WaMu’s assets, branches and deposits. With WaMu, J. P. Morgan had $905 billion in deposits and 5,400 branches nationwide, rivaling Bank of America in size and reach. (referenca 9) The major businesses of the J. P. Morgan are: * Investment Banking- The firm serves 8,000 clients in more than 60 countries. Clients include  corporations,  financial institutions, governments and  institutional investors. (referenca 10) It offers a full range of investment banking products and services in all major capital markets. * Card Services- The company has 94 million cards in circulation and $135 billion in managed loans. (referenca 10) They are distributed and designed to satisfy the needs individual consumers, small businesses and partner companies. * Retail Financial Services-It is formed to help consumers and businesses with their financial needs. This sector includes  consumer banking, small business banking, auto, education, insurance and home finance. * Commercial Banking-Serves its clients with activities like lending, treasury services, investment banking and asset management. (referenca 5) * Treasury Securities Services- Is one of the largest cash management providers in the world to support the CFOs, treasurers, issuers and  investors. (referenca 10) * Asset Management- A global leader in managing investments and wealth for its clients. References: 1. http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/merger. asp#axzz2IEmsQoNR 2. http://www. ndb. com/company/684/000052528/ 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase#Controversies 4. http://www. jpmorganchase. com/corporate/About-JPMC/document/shorthistory. pdf 5. http://www. jpmorganchase. com/corporate/About-JPMC/jpmorgan-history. htm 6. http://www. forbes. com/2000/10/18/1016topdeals_2. html 7. http://cnnfn. cnn. com/2000/09/13/deals/chase_morgan/ 8. http://www. innercit ypress. org/jpmcmb1. html 9. http://topics. nytimes. com/top/news/business/companies/morgan_j_p_chase_and_company/index. html? offset=10s=newest 10. http://www. marketswiki. com/mwiki/JPMorgan_Chase_%26_Co. How to cite Jp MorganCo./ Chase Manhattan Bank Merger, Papers

Wind Energy The Use of Wind Turbines

With the impending energy crisis, mankind sought the perfect solution that will solve the problem of overdependence on fossil fuel. There is no need to elaborate the fact that petroleum products derived from fossil fuel is very expensive and at the same time create noxious fumes that pollute the environment. But the most pressing concern is the realization that someday fossil fuel will be depleted. As a result numerous alternative energy solutions were created and utilized by different countries all over the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wind Energy: The Use of Wind Turbines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most promising is wind energy, specifically the use of wind turbines to produce clean and renewable energy. One can just imagine the potential of wind energy. It is virtually inexhaustible because it seems to be available on a regular basis. As a result wind turbines are being inst alled from California to Sweden and even in Asia. But do not be deceived because wind energy is not as practical solution to the energy problem of this country. Background In the scientific revolution that swept modern history, mankind discovered the use of fossil fuel. He was able to harness the fuel from the ground and utilized it with cost-efficient methods of extraction, delivery, and application. As a consequence of successful application of scientific knowledge, mankind was able to experience progress never before known since the history of the world. Cities were created virtually overnight as factories were built around locomotive stations that carry people and raw materials needed by manufacturing facilities. Towns and suburbs were established to accommodate the number of workers that migrated from the rural areas to the cities. They are attracted to the idea of stable salaries as opposed to unpredictable nature of farm work. As cities expand the solution to the problem of m obility was the automobile that enable workers to live outside the city and commute back and forth to work. Transportation costs include not only the value of the automobile but the fuel needed to transport people and goods. Houses require more than a kitchen, bedroom and dining room. The modern home requires electricity to power the numerous gadgets it contains. It did not take long before industrialized countries like the United States needed to import petroleum products from petroleum producing countries like those that can be found in the Middle East. One day, everyone realized that they can no longer afford the cost of gasoline. But the most problematic issue is the idea that someday there will be no fossil fuel to power cars, homes and electronic gadgets that 21st century people cannot live without (Satterlee 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wind Energy A side from being expensive and the unreliability of supply, there is another problematic aspect of burning fossil fuel and it is the environmental impact that degrades the environment and human life. Thus, it is not enough to discover a new source of energy. The next important issue is to find one that is cheap and renewable. In this regard, wind power fits all the requirements mentioned earlier. Another alternative source of energy that is clean and inexhaustible is wind power. Much better than solar power, wind power requires very little scientific know how to build and use. The scientific basis of wind turbines is that it uses turbines just liked those that can be found in airplanes. As the wind blows it turns the wind turbine. The wind turbine is connected to a shaft. The continuous movement of the mechanism within the shaft enables a nearby electric generator to produce electricity. At first glance, wind energy seems to be the perfect solution because it doe not require any form of fossil fuel to operate (Walsh 1). But there are problems that must not be ignored. The first problem is that wind is unpredictable. A non-scientific observation of wind and breeze may lead a person to conclude that a breeze or a gust of strong wind seems to be a regular occurrence in a relatively windy area. But in reality there are times when there is no wind to drive the turbines (Burton Jenkins 15). Those who installed wind turbines to generate the energy requirement of a single home may not feel the pressure to constantly deliver energy from the source to the user. But those who installed wind turbines in order to support an industrial area may feel frustrated because of their inability to produce power for their clients. Another problematic aspect of wind energy is the size of the wind turbines. The gigantic size of some commercial wind turbines created problems for those who wanted to preserve the natural beauty of their environment. Once a wind turbine has been establish ed in a given area it is imperative to build others because its energy capacity is not enough to meet the demands of hundreds of households (European Wind Energy Association 24). Another serious flaw of wind energy is in its capacity to produce energy. It was discovered that â€Å"the installed wind turbine generating capacity was so low that its output was viewed as by electricity transmission operators as negative load that supplied energy but played no part in supporting the operation of the power system and maintaining its stability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wind Energy: The Use of Wind Turbines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those who support the use of wind energy may be surprised to find out that a single gigantic sized windmill can only produce a 1 MW of electricity (Gallman 10). On the other hand the average-sized power plant that runs on fossil fuel can produce at least 200 MW of ene rgy (Gallman 15). If one will combine this information together with the realization that there is a need to build more wind turbines because of the limited output capacity of each unit, then, there is a need to build wind farms. It can therefore be argued that in some cases it is no longer practical to construct wind farms. Consider for instance the plan to produce 22% of the nation’s energy needs through wind farms. The initial calculation revealed that at one MW of energy per acre per year, it will require 14, 000 square miles of wind farm in order to hit that target (Gallman 14). Another major problem of wind turbines is the way their size and structure are perceived by the members of the local community. One has to keep in mind that the windy areas are also places that are on hills and near the shore. In any town or city, the most beautiful areas are those near beachfront property and rolling hills. Thus, one can imagine the irritation by those who do no want to destroy the beauty of the natural landscape. ï‚ § A possible solution to this problem is to develop larger turbines that are more efficient in the generation of power. It is only through the design of bigger turbines that one can practically benefit from wind energy source. The only problem is that it is more expensive to build large wind turbines. Consider for instance a typical, industrial type of turbine can reach the height of 258 feet above the water and rotor diameter can reach more than 365 feet (Gallman 12). Based on these figures one can have a general idea of how expensive a wind turbine can be from the fabrication of the turbine, to shipment and then installation. In most cases wind turbines are installed in the water in the same way that oil rigs are constructed above water. This type of operation is not only complicated but very expensive. Another problem is the materials needed to build a wind turbine. If most of the locations are near the shore, then it will require turbin es that are not only resistant to the elements but also to the corrosive power of saltwater. Conclusion At first glance it seems that wind energy is the best solution for the impending energy crisis that will soon affect the whole world. The dwindling supply of fossil fuel compels nations and governments to find alternative sources of energy.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wind energy offers an inexhaustible supply of energy that does not also pollute the environment. But upon closer examination it was discovered that it is impractical to build wind farms. The problem is the lack of space; the need for expensive materials; costly installation; and costly maintenance of the same. Works Cited Burton, Tony and Nick Jenkins. Wind Energy Handbook.  New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. European Wind Energy Association. Wind Energy. VA: Earthscan Publishers, 2009. Print. Gallman, Philip. Green Alternative and National Energy Strategy. NC: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. Print. Satterlee, Robert. Wind Energy an Impractical Solution. 26 Dec. 2010. Web. http://www.wind-watch.org/news/2010/12/26/wind-energy-an-impractical-solution/. Walsh, Bryan. â€Å"Carbon Capture Isn’t Dangerous.† Time Magazine  13 Sept. 2011:12. Print. http://science.time.com/2011/09/13/carbon-capture-isnt-dangerous-but-is-it-worth-it/. This research paper on Wind Energy: The Use of Wind Turbines was written and submitted by user Kade Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Euthanasia3 essays

Euthanasia3 essays Euthanasia continues to be an extremely controversial issue in society, and there are many opposing viewpoints concerning this specific subject. The case of Sue Rodriguez versus the province of British Columbia, is one that demonstrates the high degree of debate over such a sensitive topic, as euthanasia. The following is an analytical examination of the case at hand, and a critical comparison of it, to the theories of Patrick Nowell-Smith. When relating the theories of Patrick Nowell -Smith to the case of Sue Rodriguez, it is evident that he would not agree with the judges final decision. Firstly, it is necessary to discuss some of the relevant and significant points of the case. Sue Rodriguez is a mother in her forties, suffering from Lou Gehrigs disease. Her life expectancy is several months, however her condition is deteriorating quickly. Soon, she will no longer be able to swallow, speak, walk or move, and she will require a respirator in order to breath. She will be bedridden. Sue Rodriguez is aware of her situation and knows that death is inevitable, however, she wishes to control her circumstances, and her time and manner of death. By the time Sue is no longer able to enjoy life, she will be physically unable to terminate her life with out assistance. Sue is not requesting that her death be caused by active euthanasia, which would be by means of a doctor physically ending her life with some form of injection. She is asking that a qualified medical physician set up a certain technological system that would allow her, if she chose to, end her life with he r own hand. This is passive euthanasia, as it allows the victim herself to control the time and manner of her own death. The Criminal Code includes a section regarding the idea of suicide that the judge lays before her in an attempt to defy her wishes. Section 241 states that Every one who counsels a person to commit suicide or aids or abets someo...

The Events of Septrmber 11, 2001

The Events of Septrmber 11, 2001 On the morning of September 11, 2001, Islamic extremists organized and trained by the Saudi-based jihadist group al-Qaeda hijacked four American commercial jet airliners and used them as flying bombs to carry out suicide terrorist attacks against the United States. American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into Tower One of the World Trade Center at 8:50 AM. United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into Tower Two of the World Trade Center at 9:04 AM. As the world watched, Tower Two collapsed to the ground at about 10:00 AM. This unimaginable scene was duplicated at 10:30 AM when Tower One fell.   At 9:37 AM, a third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was flown into the west side of the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, initially being flown toward an unknown target in Washington, D.C., crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03 AM, as passengers fought with the hijackers. Later confirmed as acting under the leadership of Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden, the terrorists were believed to be attempting to retaliate for America’s defense of Israel and continued military operations in the Middle East since the 1990 Persian Gulf War.   The 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in the deaths of nearly 3,000 men, women, and children and the injuries of more than 6,000 others. The attacks triggered major ongoing U.S. combat initiatives against terrorist groups in Iraq and Afghanistan and largely defined the presidency of George W. Bush. America’s Military Response to the 9/11 Terror Attacks No event since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor propelled the nation into World War II had the American people been brought together by a shared resolved to defeat a common enemy. At 9 PM on the evening of the attacks, President George W. Bush spoke to the American people from the Oval Office of the White House, declaring, â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.† Foreshadowing America’s impending military response, he declared, â€Å"We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them.† On October 7, 2001, less than a month after the 9/11 attacks, the United States, supported by a multinational coalition, launched Operation Enduring Freedom in an effort to overthrow the oppressive Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda terrorist network. By the end of December 2001, U.S and coalition forces had virtually eradicated the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, a new Taliban insurgency in neighboring Pakistan resulted in the continuation of the war. On March 19, 2003, President Bush ordered U.S. troops into Iraq on a mission to overthrow Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, believed by the White House to be developing and stockpiling weapons of mass destruction while harboring Al Qaeda terrorists in his county. Following the overthrow and imprisonment of Hussein, President Bush would face criticism after a search by United Nations inspectors found no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Some argued that the Iraq War had unnecessarily diverted resources from the war in Afghanistan. Though Osama bin Laden remained at large for over a decade, the mastermind of the 9/11 terror attack was finally killed while hiding out in an Abbottabad, Pakistan building by an elite team of U.S. Navy Seals on May 2, 2011. With the demise of bin Laden, President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan in June 2011. As Trump Takes Over, War Goes On Today, 16 years and three presidential administrations after the 9/11 terror attacks, the war continues. While its official combat role in Afghanistan ended in December 2014, the United States still had nearly 8,500 troops stationed there when President Donald Trump took over as Commander in Chief in January 2017. In August 2017, President Trump authorized the Pentagon to increase the troop levels in Afghanistan by several thousand and announced a change in policy regarding the release of future troop level numbers in the region. â€Å"We will not talk about numbers of troops or our plans for further military activities, Trump said. Conditions on the ground, not arbitrary timetables, will guide our strategy from now on,† he said. â€Å"Americas enemies must never know our plans or believe they can wait us out.† Reports at the time indicated that top US military generals had advised Trump that a â€Å"few thousand† additional troops would help the U.S. make progress in eliminating the insurgent Taliban and other ISIS fighters in Afghanistan. The Pentagon stated at the time that the additional troops would be conducting counterterrorism missions and training Afghanistan’s own military forces.   Updated by Robert Longley

Daisy Miller (Henry James) and The Other Two (Edith Wharton) Essay

Daisy Miller (Henry James) and The Other Two (Edith Wharton) - Essay Example The paper undertakes an analysis of two works – the novella Daily Miller by Henry James and the play, ‘The Other Two’ by Edith Wharton in this light especially comparing the interaction of human nature with social traditions. The novella ‘Daisy Miller’ reveals a timeless story of an innocent and courageous American girl who does not abide by the social customs despite warnings from her friends. She reaches Switzerland with her family and meets Winterbourne through her young brother Randolph. Winterbourne is an American who lived in Italy since he was a boy. Another character, Mrs. Walker is also American, but she also has been working in Rome for years. Both of them (Winterbourne and Mrs Walker) have adapted to the values of the European society and understand the restrictions that a young girl is supposed to follow especially during the late nineteenth century Europe. Daisy is presented here as the ‘outsider’ to social customs. ... Walker tells her that she is old enough to be talked about just as she is old enough to be out in the night. Towards the end of the story, when Winterbourne finds Giovanelli and Daisy sitting at the Colosseum he gets angry with the former and tells Daisy that she is under the risk of catching Roman fever. She does not care and laughs it away. In the end she dies of the fever and Giovanelli also declares to Winterbourne that Daisy was the most innocent woman he met. The novel is a timeless novel if seen from the perspective of individuality versus social customs. Though the customs have changed but the conflict between individuality and the traditions remains the same. In contrast to Daisy the readers are introduced to the conservation aristocratic personality of Mrs. Costello who criticizes Daisy’s shamelessness in agreeing to visit places with a gentleman who she has known only for a brief time. Her innocent ignorance stands in stark contrast to the concepts of a ladylike beh avior and the bindings of the society due to which she cannot see through the intention of Giovanelli and her dream to be a part of the rich urban society carries her in the wrong direction but what makes her character significant is the brave way in which she accepts death without any repentance whatsoever for the steps taken. (James) The female central character of the play ‘The Other Two’, Mrs. Alice Waythorn according to her present status has married twice before. Mr. Waythorn has the impression from his wife’s account of her past that she has been brutally treated as it is conducive for a man to think this way, rather than the reverse. With time he notices that his wife is a liar though she seems to be extremely sophisticated and apparently sensitive to

Strategic Planning for International Tourism Essay

Strategic Planning for International Tourism - Essay Example The current branding strategies will be looked into and other than the analysis, we will look into possible ways or practices that could improve the exposure of tourism in New Zealand and result in an even more successful approach. Currently, New Zealand is one of the top contenders among modern tourist attractions. With its beautiful landscapes, tourist attractions, rich cultures, numerous opportunities for adventures and of course, the Lord of The Rings films sites; New Zealand makes an ideal holiday getaway. (Tourism Information and Accommodation, 2008) With all this and more, anyone's time and money spent in New Zealand will definitely be worthwhile. New Zealand Tourism Online (NZTO) has taken a very user friendly and fun-filled approach towards promoting tourism in New Zealand. They offer a wide range of choices to any tourist depending on their interests, tastes, budget and objective. New Zealand is a place where anyone can have the time of their life, if you're a young kid or a retired corporate executive or a young couple deciding to lay back for a while, New Zealand has something for everyone. Lord of the Rings is a fantasy story written by the author J. R. R. Tolkien. Its movie adaptations have swept the international box office with multiple Academy Awards for the three films made so far; The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King. It would be nothing new to the fans around the world that New Zealand is home to Lord of The Rings! The three films were shot at different locations in New Zealand. This makes New Zealand one of the hottest modern day tourist attractions, not only for the LOTR fans, but everyone can enjoy the story behind the locations and experience a piece of the amazing saga. 1.1.1 Middle Earth is New Zealand As mentioned earlier, New Zealand was home to the Lord of The Rings movie franchise. The set of Middle Earth was chosen to be the scenic landscapes of New Zealand. The person who chose to shoot the movie here, Peter Jackson, is also a native. The location for Hobbiton was chosen as the hilly area of Matamata, The famous Mt. Doom was actually the Mt Ruapehu. Other than that Queenstown was the used sets for locations such as the Pillars of Argonath and the Eregion Hills. (Lord of the Rings - New Zealand, 2007) New Zealand Tourism Online has made great use of this fame New Zealand has been accredited to. They offer a complete list and description for all the movie sites and ways to experience these locations to the fullest. Also they provide in depth description of the movie itself with images and graphics on the website along with further details. Branding for the Key Destinations' Products The tourism industry of New Zealand has been performing a good job with branding the top attractions and products New Zealand has to offer. The NZTO website features a 'Highlights' section in which they very main key attractions that New Zealand has to offer to tourists are described in detail. The features and attractions listed include: Skiing and snowboarding, New Zealand is one of the top ski holiday destinations in the world. The country offers a variety of locations and terrains for all kinds of snow sporting experiences, from snow boarding to skiing. Apart from that, New Zealand offers extensive training in

Theory Of Reasoned Action

Theory Of Reasoned Action CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction This chapter will deals with survey of literature review in the area of online purchase intention and perceived risk and its determinants. This section will discuss the dependent, independent and mediating variables and the relationship among the variables that might influence consumer perceptions of perceived risk towards online purchase intention. Researcher was replicates the framework from the study Factors influencing consumer perceptions of brand trust online by Hong-Youl Ha, 2004 and The influence of prior experience and age on mature consumers perceptions and intentions of internet apparel shopping by Wi-Suk Kwon and Mijeong Noh, 2009. The reason to choose this framework are because, this framework seem like fit with Malaysian culture and tradition. Although researcher was replicate the framework but some changes were made, which is researcher will combine both of the frameworks into one new framework and will test the framework into different setting of place. 2.1 Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) To make some improvement for the past studies, researcher will apply the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by (Fishbein, 1980) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by Ajzen in 1991. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by Fishbein, 1980 was developed to explain how a consumer leads to a certain buying behavior, this theory asserts that attitude toward buying and subjective norm are the antecedents of performed behavior. Two antecedents which are (attitude and subjective norm) influence the purchase behavior additively (Ha, 1998). Two important propositions underlying the theory of reasoned action offered by Lutz (1991) are the first one is to predict a purchase behavior, it is necessary to measure a persons attitude toward performing that specific behavior, not only the general attitude toward the object around which the purchasing behavior is. The second one is, in addition to the attitude toward the behavior, TRA includes a second determinant of overt behavior namely the subjective norm (SN). SN is intended to measure the social influences on a persons behavior such as family members or friends and colleagues expectations. Sometimes in some situations expectation o f relevant from others may be a major factor in ultimate behavioral performances and simply not under the attitudinal control of individuals. Another study Lada et al., 2009, claim that according to the TRA, a persons intention is a function of two basic determinants, which are one personal in nature and the other one is reflecting social influence. The personal factor is the individuals positive or negative evaluation when performing the behavior and this factor is termed attitude toward the behavior. The second determinant of intention is the persons perception of the social pressure put on him or her whether to perform or not to perform the behavior in question and this factor is termed subjective norm since it deals with perceived prescriptions, (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). According to Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), attitudes are a function of beliefs when someone believes that performing a given behavior will lead to mostly positive outcomes they may hold a favorable attitude toward performing the behavior, contrary a person who believes that performing the behavior will lead to mostly negative outcomes then they will hold an unfavorable attitude. The beliefs that underlie a persons attitude toward the behavior are termed behavioral beliefs while subjective norm is a function of beliefs that specify individuals or groups to think whether they should or should not perform the behavior and these beliefs which is underlying a persons subjective norm termed as a normative belief. A person who believes that most referents with whom they are motivated more to comply think, that they should perform the behavior will receive social pressure to do so (Lada et al., 2009). 2.2 Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) The second theory is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which is proposed by Ajzen in 1991 as an extension of the first theory discussed above which is theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) (Fishbein, 1980). (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), the TPB has been used by many researchers over the past 20 years and its shown to be able to predict a variety of intentions and behaviors perform by persons. According to Ajzen (1991), a persons action is determined by their behavioral intentions, which in turn are influenced by an attitude toward the behavior and subjective norms as discussed above. (Azjen, 1991), behavioral intentions are factors that capture how people are willing to try to perform a behavior, behavioral intention also the most influential predictor of behavior and its shown that in TPB constructs, intention was a better predictor of behavior. In the TPB, attitude toward the behavior is defined as ones positive or negative feelings about performing a specific behavior and determined through an assessment of ones beliefs regarding the consequences which is arising from ones behavior and an evaluation of the desirability of these consequences. 2.3 Conceptual Definition of Dependent Variable (Online Purchase Intention) It is best to start this study by explaining what an online purchase intention is it in order to give some idea and to dispel some common misconceptions that might occur. Purchase intention can be defined as a plan to purchase a particular goods or services in the future. Purchase intentions is the likelihood that a consumer will buy a particular product in which resulting from the interaction of his or her need for it, attitude towards it and perceptions of it and of course from the company itself which produces the products or services (J. Baker, 1998). This study using definition from (Azjen, 1991), behavioral intentions are factors that capture how people are willing to try to perform a behavior, behavioral intention also the most influential predictor of behavior, intention also was a better predictor of behavior. 2.4 Conceptual definition of Mediating Variable (Perceived Risk) Risks is a part of everyday life and always come as a routine in between us and exist when there is a less than 100 percent probability that things will turn out as someone expected will happen (Baeur, 1967). Risks are different for different persons, according to Martin and Camarero (2008), some people view risk as a their inability to value the quality of the product directly, lack of personal contact with the salesperson, the cost involve of learning on how to use the internet, cost switching different channels, security of payment and personal information. Whilst others, view risk as a (Stone and Gronhaug, 1993) degree of uncertainty about the outcome of an action which might carries the possibility of physical harm or damages. Manzano et al., 2008 offered six dimensions of perceived risk which are security risk, privacy risk, performance risk, time loss risk and social risk. Whilst Beardon and Mason, 1978 proposed different dimensions of perceived risk namely, financial risk, social risk, performance risk, psychological risk and physical risk. Although there are different kind of names or term used but the meaning is quiet same in a context of online shopping. Financial risk or security risk share a same meaning, it can be incurred when customers financial circumstances are damaged because of loss of money in cash or via credit card (March, 2006; Manzano et al., 2008). Social risks come through purchasing process that is perceived to be down-market (March, 2006). Littler and Melanthiou, 2006 found that social risk is concerned with the possibility of attracting unfavorable attention and response from purchasing a particular product. Consumer attitudes to the different methods of purchasing highly depend on their characteristics. Performance risk according to (Littler and Melanthiou, 2006) is concerned with how well the product perform relative to expectations for example, the lack of personal contact with a salesperson prevent the consumer from correctly evaluating the characteristics of the product which in turn decreasing confidence (Ba, 2001) among consumer. It is good if consumer can try out the product they will buy before they make a payment, (Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003) in their study reveal that the opportunity to conduct a trial before make payment provides the necessary confidence to consumers with high perceived performance risk. Whilst March 2006, implies that performance risk is occur when a product does not fulfill its functio n as expected especially services which may take risk time wasted in waiting. Time loss risk happen when consumer incur time costs from using online purchasing, the time of learning how to buy on a certain products, the time to wait for respond or the time for searching process( Littler and Melanthiou, 2006). Physical risk leading with purchases that might include products which are unsafe or will cause physical harm to the user or in services, allow customers to take risks whilst undertaking risky activity such as cycling (March, 2006). The last dimensions of perceived risk are psychological risk, which may be caused by consumers wearing unfashionable clothes, leading to the social risk of not fitting in and in turn will decrease confidence level among consumer. We do not always accurately perceive the threats of risks, accurately understanding and effectively eliminating or limiting risks are part of the survival and safety especially in online industry. Risk management must be an active part of facility marketing manager duties, risk should be well manage to control the financial and personal injury loss from sudden, unforeseen, unusual accident, and intentional torts (Ammon et al., 2004). In summary, for the purpose of this study, perceived risk can be summarize as a degree of uncertainty about the outcome from an action which carries the possibility of physical harm especially in financial and information fraud. Hence, this study assumes customer perceived risks are all the six dimensions discuss above which are, security risk, privacy risk, performance risk, time loss risk and social risk. 2.5 Conceptual definition of Independent Variables 2.5.1 Security Theres a various definition of security, Yoo and Donthu, 2001; Wolfinbarger and Gilly define security as to protecting the user from the risk of fraud and financial loss. According to (Milne et al., 2004), security often breaches of internet transmissions and databases enable the unauthorized use of consumers confidential information from third parties such as, name, address, password, social security and credit card numbers and, often result in identity theft. In reality, the prospect of privacy losses and information misuse in e-commerce settings may offset any convenience, time, and financial savings afforded to consumers thus by providing security for consumers will lead to customer satisfaction and in turn will decrease risk perception among consumers. Unfortunately, security breaches are occurring at a growing rate from time to time. Indeed, Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001) found that internet users highly concerns with regard to online shopping were privacy, system security breaches from third parties in which due to faulty technological security and security breaches in the form of fraudulent online retailer behavior. Security plays a vital role on customer trust and customer satisfaction, thus by providing security to consumers will lead to brand trust and would expect (Mayer et al., 1995) security decrease risk perceptions among consumers. On the other hand, Krisnahmurthy (2001) also found that consumers who experience positive security leads to improvements in the levels of familiarity on the web, accordingly security should affect brand trust as well as decrease risk perceptions. 2.3.2 Privacy Consumers patronizing an online service which requires the regular transmission and remote storage of confidential information may perceive elevated concerns regarding threats to the privacy of their personal and confidential information is very important during online transactions (Mauricio et al., 2007). Privacy refers to protection of personal details implicit or explicit agreement and not to sell or exchange the personal information gathered from consumers during transactions (Yoo and Donthu, 2001; Wolfinbarger and Gilly, 2003). Another definition of privacy from (Parasuraman et al., 2005) is the claim of individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to determine on when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others. (Caudill and Murphy, 2000; Sheehan and Hoy, 2000) proposed in their studies that consumer concern for information privacy is considered one of the most important issues nowadays. Fried (1998) was one of the earliest modern scholars to evaluate the notion of privacy; he argued that privacy is especially valuable since it allows people to conduct online transactions that result in trust, which would not be possible in the absence of privacy. Caudill and Murphy (2000) argued that both public and private information should be included in the debate regarding privacy since technologies today are making it increasingly easier to move private information into the public domain, which will cause consumers serious concerns regarding their private information. If the private information going into public meaning that, there is no privacy at all and this will cause distrust among customers and will lead to unsatisfied customers. 2.3.3 Brand Name Theres are various definition of brand, one of the definition is proposed by Bennett, 1988 claim that a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, design, or any combination of these concepts, used to identify the goods and services of a seller. Keller (1998) states that brand name are one of the main factors facilitating the development of brand awareness or familiarity. The more specialized and reputable a brand name is in selling or recognizing the product or service, the more highly will its brand trust be perceived by consumers. Choosing a brand name for a consumer product or service is so critical that some writers argue it is one of the most important marketing management decisions that marketing manager should take highly considerations about choosing a brand name (Landler et al., 1991). A well chosen brand name can provide a customer with a symbolic meaning which assists in both the recognition of the product and the decision-making process (Herbig and Milewicz, 1993), it is also can produce a number of specific advantages including suggesting product benefits (McCarthy and Perault, 1990), contributing to brand identity, simplifying shopping, implying quality (McNeal and Zerren, 1981), evoking feelings of trust, confidence, security, strength, durability, speed, status and exclusivity and at the end of the day can decrease risk perceptions (Shimp, 1993). The more positively the persons perceived the brand, the higher the consumers brand awareness and loyalty, allowing the firm to command larger margins, higher market share, more inelastic consumer response to price increases, less vulnerability to competitive activity, increased marketing communications effectiveness, additional brand extension opportunities and other competitive advantages such as distribution leverage, customer satisfaction and as well as decrease risk perceptions (Keller, 1998). 2.3.4 Word of Mouth Word of mouth (WOM) plays a vital role in consumer behavior because Word of mouth (WOM) would affect purchase and intention to purchase and also experience of other consumers by conveying their consumption experience of others, namely the satisfaction or dissatisfaction after the purchasing process occur. WOM is commonly defined as informal communication about the characteristics of a business, services or a product which occurs between consumers (Westbrook, 1987). Most importantly, WOM also allows consumers to exert both informational and normative influences on the product or service evaluations and purchase intentions to fellow consumers (Bone, 1995; Ward and Reingen, 1990). According to Ha, 2004, WOM has been shown to influence awareness, expectations, perceptions, attitudes, behavioral intentions and behavior towards a product or services. Online shopping consumers will perceive higher purchase risk than that of the traditional shopping since the purchase occurs in virtual space rather than face to face transactions. They will accordingly rely more on WOM information to reduce uncertainty and purchase risk to make decisions (Kim and Song, 2010). According to Assael (1995), since online shopping has higher purchase risk than face to face interactions, (Richins and Shaffer, 1987) consumers carry out WOM action to obtain market information while making buying decision especially consumers who rely more on WOM as they perceive higher risks. Nowadays, there a growing body of evidence that the internet based opinion mechanism influence consumers when making a purchase such as blogs, social network (facebook, myspace, twitter) (Hong, 2006) and this is a new form of word of mouth communication and is known as electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM). e-WOM is any positive or negative communication among the potential, current or former customers about a product, services or company that is available to public on the internet. Indeed, (Sen, 2008; Sen and Lerman, 2007) claimed that the impact of e-WOM is not as effective as the traditional face to- face word of mouth (WOM). In contrast, Steffes and Burgee (2009) found that the information gained from the e-WOM forum is more influential and beneficial in decision making process rather than speaking with friends in person (WOM). 2.3.5 Good Online Experience Often consumers tend to remember best the last experience they encounter (the recency effect): thus, one positive experience may be sufficient to alter perceptions of more than preceding negative experience, and vice versa (Ha, 2004). Experiences are sometimes confused with services, but experiences are as distinct from services as services also distinct from goods because experiences exist only in the mind of the individual. They are rich with emotional, physical, intellectual, or spiritual sensations created within the consumer during transactions (Kotler et al., 2005). According to Pine and Gilmore (1999), An experience occurs when a company intentionally uses services as the stage, and then goods as props to engage individual customers in a way to create a memorable event that consumer will remember best. The more satisfied the customer with the experience that the web sites offer, the more durable is the relationship among consumer and that particular brand (Buchanan and Gillies, 1990), and the relationship is highly depends on the customers experience, whether positive or negative experience. Experience plays a vital role in trust by making it possible to compare the realities of the firm with customer preconceived expectations. Ganesan (1994) goes further, and views experience as an antecedent to build brand trust among customers which in turn will lead to making purchasing. Usually customers expect Web sites to offer them not just a message, but a positive experience such as, security and privacy, ease of use, web site design and aesthetic elements and interactivity. The ease of use of the web sites is important factor which refers to the layout and design of the web site and the ease of making ones way around it, how the users perceives and interacts with the site, and how easy t o use it (Nielsen, 1999). While (Steur, 1992) covers the web sites design and aesthetic elements as a representation of the web site environments, associated with its formal characteristic such as graphics, colors, images, icons, animated sequences, videos and pop -ups which will influence customer to trust the web site as well as to proceed at the end action which is making purchasing. (Yoo and Donthu, 2001) claim that these elements has contribute to the atmosphere of the web site and are important in evaluating the web site experience. Thus, if the web sites offer all of this experience to customer will lead to customer satisfaction and build brand trust among customer thus will decrease customer risk perception. General speak in detailed, the fact that it easy to access and use the site, including the access speed and the overall guide design and layout, as well as the information provided; requirement fulfillment refers to whether the sites handling and goods delivery in a systematic way; system accessibility refers to whether the site has been technology based or still using a traditional based, or is vulnerable to attacks; and privacy, also known as security, refers to whether the site can keep the customers information secret and payments safe (Sheng and Liu, 2010) are experience that customer want in which we can called it positive experience will lead to customer satisfaction and purchase as well as to build brand trust. 2.3.6 Quality of Information There is various definition of information. Some writers make no distinction between data and information (Wang et al., 1998) while some writers see the differences as most crucial (Tozer, 1999). Information is logically derived from theories or principles, it is an artifact. The producer of information has an intention to produce a symbolic meaning of certain entities or events, put it into a context, assign it into a pre defined meaning and then transmit the information into receiver. The producer of information expected that the receiver will capture the meaning as intended (Lillrank, 2002). Consumers search for information in their pre-purchase search process for a product or service they intend to buy thus, by providing effective information does lead to improved awareness and brand perception among consumers (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000; Ha, 2002; Keller, 1998), particularly for individuals with high brand trust and high perceived risk (Duncan and Moriarty, 1998). Many online buyers indicate that their buying decisions mostly depend on the information offered online (Long Ching, 2009). Bickart and Schindler (2001) found that consumers who gathered information from online discussions namely electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) reported greater interest and intention to buy in the product than did those consumers who gathered information from the marketer-generated sources. The main reason for this is highly likely to be the trust issue as raised in a study by Sen (2008). Customized information has become more important in internet nowadays based applications due to the multitude of choices that are available on the internet (Simonson, 2005; Ha, 2002). (Ha (2002), has shown that internet users are very interested in customized information offer by the web sites be this is because mostly firms today have added value by providing appropriate information to simplify the customers decision making process (Murthi and Sarkar, 2003). In addition, the source of the information is very crucial for a message to be effective and reliable and it often depends on the receivers perception of the senders trustworthiness and expertise (Kiecker and Cowles, 2001) they also suggest that the information also must be perceived believable, competent, valuable and trustworthy for information recipients. (Robinson and Kaye, 2000), found that consumers, who relied on online sources for more information, rated the online sources as more credible than other sources, so it is important tasks for managers to provide quality information online to gain trust from customers. Meyvis and Janiszewski (2002) reveal that irrelevant and lack in quality information will weakens consumers belief in the products or services ability to deliver the benefit. Hence, whether perceived quality of information is provided and, if it is provided, the quality of customized information for customers, also highly influence the level of brand trust and custom er satisfaction on the web (Ha, 2004). 2.4 Relationship among the Variables Individuals who perceive a low risk in online buying likely make decisions more quickly and less likely to take into account aspects outside of the web site. In contrast, individuals who are more fearful will behave in a more cautious way, searching for external information that warrantees a successful buying decision to decrease uncertainty in internet purchase (Martin and Camarero, 2008). Bhatnagar et al., 2000, reported that consumers were less likely to shop online in which perceived product performance risk was high than those with low product performance risk, consumers perceived risk negatively influences their intention to purchase products online. Customer who satisfied with the security, privacy and online good experience offered by the web sites will experience lower perceived risk and will have effect on the purchase intention. (Chen and Hsin, 2008) results show that consumers perceived risk towards specific online retailer with regards to purchase intention was influence by trust. As consumer trust increases because of decreasing perceived risk will influence consumer to make purchase (Chen and Hsin, 2008). 2.5 Summary This chapter reviewed literatures on consumer perception of perceived risk towards online purchase intention in detailed. Based on the findings from literature reviews, definition conception of online purchase intention, perceived risk, security, privacy, word of mouth, brand name, good online experience and quality of information are developed. In the last part of this chapter, the relationship between independent variables, mediating variable and dependent variable are constructed. Conceptualizing definitions of variables is important in order to construct a research framework in which would be discussed in chapter 3.

Evaluate the Possible Ways to Market a New Business Essay

For my business studies coursework, my new business will be a Junior Tennis Academy for talented tennis players aged 3-18. Its name will be named after where it is based, at St Georges College, Weybridge. Therefore its name will be The Weybridge Tennis Academy. It will provide top coaching for young talent, as well as providing state of the art facilities which include four indoor tennis courts, three artificial clay, eight acrylic and three grass courts, as well as a gym where the players can train to help get fitter and stronger to help give them that physical edge over their competitors. We offer these services because tournaments are played on many different surfaces and we need to train our players to the highest possible standard. We also offer a re-stringing service at extremely competitive prices as well as official Weybridge Tennis Academy merchandise supplied by a top sports company, which is available for purchase at a discounted price. These facilities will help the business because ‘Tennis Parents’ will see that our company has better facilities for their child than another tennis academy down the road. Tennis is a very expensive sport, so therefore our business is not only aimed at the players playing, but also the parents paying. Tennis parents are notoriously pushy people and they are usually quite well off, so therefore the more facilities we can offer, the more likely they will come to us. Usually, when money isn’t a factor, people go for the best product, and by offering so many facilities, we have that competitive advantage over our competitors. With our location being in Weybridge, we automatically have good transport links, such as the M25 and Addlestone and Weybridge train stations. This will target all people living in and around London. London is the biggest city in Britain, so therefore we have many more potential customers compared to a tennis academy in for example Northumberland . My business’ aim is to fill a gap in the market. It will meet a demand for a Tennis academy open to all standards, rather than one where you have to be invited to join. For example the National Tennis Centre at Roehampton, a 32 million pound facility is only open to players who have been invited. The Weybridge Tennis Academy is open to young players of all standards but with the same facilities as the National Tennis Centre. Therefore many more players will pass through the doors of my academy because it is open to a wider range of players. This will then lead to my business making a profit because there is not any other competition in the local area. During this coursework I will need to investigate the potential market and location to enable me to situate my business in the best possible location to help make as much profit as possible. I will also have to research the local competition to identify my main competitors and the buying habits of the local consumers to see what they look for most when investing in a product. The importance of Marketing Marketing is selling ‘the right product, at the right place, at the right time and at the right place.’ The marketing mix, sometimes known as the four P’s is used to describe the key elements that a consumer wants and needs when buying a new product. I will need to find out what a consumer looks for, and make sure I find the right elements to help make my business successful. My business has to offer the customer a better thing than the local competition otherwise my business will fail. This means that my business will have to offer the customer something that no other tennis academy offers in the local area. This is because obviously if every academy offered the same thing as my business my business would have no competitive edge which will lead to failure. The Weybridge Tennis Academy needs to offer the customer what they want and need. This will then identify the first stage of the marketing mix which is product. The second stage of the, marketing mix is place. Place means how the customers are going to access my academy. There are many factors affecting this decision. It has to be in a place where customers can easily get to, as well as somewhere where there are many potential customers. My business will be situated in St Georges College, Weybridge (hence the name of the business). By being in Weybridge, there are many convenient transport links, such as the M25 or Weybridge or Addlestone train station. Addlestone train station is in fact situated less than a mile away from the centre, which means that there are many good transport links. This will then draw customers in from all around London and the South East. The third section of the Marketing Mix is Price. The Price is how much the product is being sold for. The price is very important to any business because it is normally one of the first things to be looked at when a consumer is considering buying a product. The customer has to think that the business is good value for money, and by comparing the prices of local competition, I will come up with an appropriate pricing method for my business. It is important that I take into account how much the business has cost to build because obviously if the expenditure is higher than the income, I will have made a loss rather than a profit There are many pricing strategies available to me, for instance cost plus pricing, which means setting a price by adding a fixed amount or percentage to the cost of making the product. This means that however much I spend on my Tennis Academy; I will add a percentage of money to this amount and charge the customers that amount. By doing this, I will always make a profit because I will be getting my money back on the expenditure, plus an added amount. The second pricing strategy I could use is to set a price based on competitors pricing. This means that I would look at the price of my competitors’ product and I would make that cheaper or better value to help make customers buy into my product. The fourth and final section of the Marketing Mix is the promotion. Promotion means how your product is shown to the customer, obviously if the customer does not know the business is there they cannot buy it. One example of this is advertising. There are many ways of promoting a business; it could be through a newspaper, television, internet and radio. These are examples of advertising through the media. Another way of promoting your business is through merchandising. This is a crucial way that I plan to promote my business through players buying official Weybridge Tennis Academy Merchandise, wearing it to tournaments and promoting the company through people seeing the companies name or logo on a back of a player’s shirt. Most players at my academy will be competing against players from other academies. This is a way of promoting because other players will see the company’s logo and the tennis parents may well look into the possibility of sending their child to my acade my. However ways such as sales promotion, which could include special offers, price discounts or free gifts, would not be appropriate because my business is looking for long term customer rather than short term customers. To get the best results I will conduct numerous experiments and research which will help me to find what the customers want and need. I will conduct questionnaires, surveys and interviews with other people finding out what they look for in investing in a tennis academy. I will also research statistics such as the number of competing juniors in the south east and also the amount of tennis academies in that area. This will then help me gain a competitive advantage over my competitors. Market Research Market Research is used by a business to try and find out what people want and also what competitors and doing and planning. Market Research helps find out who the customers are, whether they will like the product, how the business can be promoted, how much the customers willing to pay, what type of customer will be interested, how the profile of the customers can be built, whether the business is in the right location and how the products will be distributed. There are two main ways of conducting research. Field/Primary research is used to find out new information, and Desk/Secondary research is useful for looking at an entire market, and analysing trends for future reference. I will use both to research how my business can best achieve its goals and how it can beat competitors to getting customers. Field/Primary research is the process of manually entering the population and asking first hand questions. The advantage of using this method is that it is specific to my business, meaning that it is up to date and relevant. This means that I can ask any questions on any subject, and receive answers that are highly relevant and suitable for my research. There are many techniques which can be used, such as surveys, questionnaires and interviews. I believe that by conducting the research in the area where my business will be situated, I will achieve the most relevant and suitable results. However, to ensure that the data is accurate you need to use large field samples which can be expensive and very time consuming. Desk research is useful for looking at an entire market, whilst analysing past trends for future reference. For example I would have to look at the trends of tennis academies across Britain. Desk research has already been researched and accessed by other companies, so it therefore already exists and therefore it takes no time to conduct or find the data you want. The data can be accessed through the internet, newspapers, government records and market research. Desk research is good because it is easy to obtain and it is cheap. The disadvantage is that it is not specific or relevant to your business. It can also be biased or out of date which severely affects the reliability. I will try and collect Qualitative data so I can then see exactly what people want, as well as their thoughts and feelings. This will then help me know what customers want which will help me gain an edge over the competitors. I will do this by interviewing a select amount of people and finding out what they look for in a tennis academy. The questions asked will be based on how much people will pay, how the location will affect their decision and once again what they look for when investing in a tennis academy. After I have found out the information, I will access it and make it relevant to my business. By knowing what customers look for in a company, I will know what to include when I am trying to promote my business. For instance if a lot of people want indoor courts to make sure that it can never be cancelled or so that there child can play all year round, I will make sure that the fact that my academy has indoor courts is highly publicised. Also, by knowing what customers want, I will have an advantage over my competitors. Evaluation Number of Competing Juniors: Berkshire-149 Essex-343 Hampshire-274 Kent-338 Middlesex-450 Surrey-536 Total number of competing juniors in the south east-2090 Information obtained from www.lta.org.uk Juniors includes all players born in 1990 Tennis academies in the south east: Clive Asprey Tennis Academy-Aldershot Sutton Junior Tennis Centre The National Tennis Centre-Roehampton Win Tennis-Bisham Abbey Esporta-Croydon Westway-London These are all TENNIS ACADEMIES this does not include any ‘LAWN TENNIS CLUBS’. Lawn tennis clubs are open to any people and are therefore not relevant to my business. These academies are my main competitors because it is invitational only. There are roughly 2000 competing juniors in the South East and there are six tennis academies (not including my academy) in this area. Therefore on average there are around 300 children to every academy. Obviously this would not be the case in reality but it gives a good idea of the Academy/Player Ratio. INFORMATION OBTAINED BY WWW.YELL.COM 1st Interview 1) What are the 3 main things that you look for in a tennis academy? The three main things I look for are the ability for the academy to get my child to its full potential, therefore I know that I am paying for excellence and I know my money’s being put to good use. The ability to play all year round is very important because I therefore know that sessions can never be cancelled due to weather and my child can therefore train all year round. Lastly the coaches have to be highly qualified and I would like to know a bit about them so I know that they can emphasize with players when they are going through tough times. 2) How would the location affect your decision of where to send your child? There would have to be good roads such as motorways because obviously I don’t want to be travelling all the time. Also if my child is of an age that he could travel on his own, I would like there to be easy to access buses and trains for him/her to use. 3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy? I wouldn’t mind paying a lot of money as long as the results were shown. Also if I had a younger child, I would want to pay less at first until I see that he/she was improving and that he was committed. As he/she improves I would be more inclined to pay more. 2nd Interview 1) What are the three main things you look for in a tennis academy? I would firstly look at the academy’s credentials, for instance its results of members, and the proof of its results. It would also have to be good value for money, so therefore I would need to be seeing an improvement in my child’s progress. Also the location is important because I don’t wish to be travelling all the time. 2) Why is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child? I have got a busy life and I don’t wish to be travelling all across the countryside after I’ve had a long day at work. It has to be easy to attend so therefore good transport links are vital. 3) How important is the cost of the tennis academy? Obviously there is the factor of whether it can be afforded but the price is not important. I would have to see that my money is being put to good use so therefore the investment has to match the progress. 3rd Interview 1) What are the three main things you look for in a tennis academy? I look at the facilities of the academy, for instance whether it has indoor courts. I would also like to know the standard of the players that attend the academy and the background of the coaches. The attitude and the atmosphere of the academy are crucial because I have to know where I am sending my child. 2) Is the location an important factor in choosing where to send your child? Obviously I don’t want to be travelling too much and it has to be reasonably local otherwise we’ll spend more time travelling than actually playing. Also I don’t want to be paying a fortune for the transport fees, for instance petrol or train/bus fares on top of the price of attending the academy. 3) Is the cost important? The cost is obviously very important otherwise our whole life would be being run by tennis. I would prefer to pay less at the start and once I have seen an improvement or a commitment start to increase the price. Evaluation of Questionnaires: I have found out that what most people want is value for money. This means that however much they put in, they want out. This therefore means that the more they pay, the bigger the improvement in their child’s ability they would expect to see. Therefore I think I will give special offers to new customers, such as they get the first term half price so that they know that it is what their child wants to do and also if they do not see an improvement they have the opportunity to pull out. This was suggested to the people that I interviewed and it seemed a popular idea. Secondly, they found the factor of indoor courts crucial as that meant they could play all year round. As my academy would have this facility, this is a good thing, however many other academies have indoor courts and this therefore does not separate us from our competitors. Many people thought that the location was an important factor. Many parents have busy lives and they do not wish to be travelling all over the place. My academy is situated in a place with good public transport links, there are two train stations within two miles of the academy, and it is situated two miles from the M25. This was once again explained to the interviewees and they seemed to be in favour of the placement of my academy. Many people didn’t mind about the cost of the academy, as long as they saw the results. This was touched upon earlier and I will use a penetration pricing method, which means that I will make the price quite low at the start to try and draw customers in and then increase it as they see an improvement. This was a major aspect that the people that I interviewed would look for in tennis academy and this will help me gain that competitive advantage. Overall the research I conducted was extremely useful as it told me what customers wanted and needed, as well as giving me statistics that would help me gain a bit more knowledge in this type of business. I found out the amount of competing juniors in the south east, as well as the number of academies. It also told me how customers felt, for instance about the price and location of the academy. The information I have found out will help me in making the decisions about the academy, such as the pricing, structure and promotion of the business. Conclusion/Judgement Overall I believe that my tennis academy will work. There are six full time academies in the South East, not including my one, and there are over two thousand regularly competing juniors in the same area. This means that the ratio of Academies/Players is 6:300. Obviously in reality some academies have more players than others because of reputation, facilities, transport and cost. My academy has state of the art facilities, as explained earlier. It is also situated in a place where there are good channels of distribution and good transport links. This means that customers will be attracted because it is easy to get to. The cost will be determined by a ‘Penetration’ Pricing Method. This means that my prices will be low for new customers, so that parents then know that their child is improving, or enjoying the experience. Most parents interviewed wanted their money to be payed back through improvement of their child’s development. Therefore if I charge low prices at the start, for instance half price for your first term, and the child makes a big improvement, the parent is more likely to want to pay more from then on. If the child does not improve, the parent will then be giving the option of continuing with the programme. This will then help company/customer relations. This will then help my academies reputation, which will then attract more customers. As my academies reputation builds, more profit will come in and we can start charging higher prices. To help promote my academy, I will seek sponsorship from sports companies such as ‘NIKE’, ‘Adidas’, ‘Wilson’, ‘Babolat’, ‘Prince’, ‘Head’, ‘Dunlop’, ‘TTK’ and ‘Lacoste’. I will also sell official Academy merchandise such as training kit, match play kit, and tracksuits which will be worn to tournaments by players and other players will see them. This is a way of free advertising as the children/parents would be paying for the kit and wearing it around showing it off to other players and parents. I will also look to gain funding from the ‘Lawn Tennis Association’ who gives funding to academies that have regularly competing juniors. These are called ‘Satellite Clubs’ and they are given funding which helps pay for the costs of balls, rackets and other training equipment. As my academy builds in reputation, I will look to gain more funding which wi ll help me make more profit. Overall there is a lot of potential in this product. I believe that people will be attracted to my product because of the facilities, meaning the product itself; the price, meaning that I will make it cheaper at the start to draw customers in; the promotion, for instance the official merchandise that will be seen in tournaments; and finally the place; meaning the channels of distribution. This will attract customers because of where it situated, meaning that it is easy to get to. However my tennis academy does have a lot of competition, which means that I will have to use the knowledge that I found out through the market research to help gain the competitive advantage over my rivals.

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Instrument Evaluation Essay

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